Thursday, 21 November 2013

Stage viva questions for MDS students

WBC Count

1.      Name of the technique                                                
2.      Fluid used                                                                     
3.      Parts of the pipette                                                      
4.      Gradation in the pipette                                              
5.      Amount of fluid in pipette                                           
6.      Bead color                                                                     
7.      Function of bead                                                          
8.      Anticoagulant used and Percentage                          
9.      Which Vein used to collect blood – other areas       
10. Name of the chamber used                                        
11. Name of diluting fluid                                                 
12. Composition of fluid and function of each component         
13. ml of blood used                                                          
14. Normal range in
a.      Adult Male
b.      Adult Female
c.       Lactating females
d.      Pregnant females
e.      New born
f.        Infant
g.      Child below 6years,
h.      Children 6 -12 yrs of age.                               
15. Causes for increase in total count
a.      Physiological
b.      Pathological                                                      
16. Causes for decrease in total count
a.      Physiological
b.      Pathological                                                      
17. Radiological, clinical manifestation of deficiency of each type of cells        
18. Oral manifestation of deficiency with pathophysiology of each cells          
19. Distribution of each type of cell                                 
20. Structure, dimensions & function of each type of cell          
21. Life period of each type of cell                                   
22. Synthesis and differentiation of each cell                 
23. Enzymes & Hormone involved in production of cells           
24. Staining characteristics                                               
25. Other methods of counting DC
26. Manual
27. Automated                                                                    
28. Principles of other methods                                       
29. What errors could lead to false count during & how to rectify
a.      Blood collection
b.      Storage
c.       Loading in pipette
d.      Loading the chamber
e.      Coverslip placement
f.        Count                                                                 
30. Function of each type of cell                                       
31. Site of production                                                        
32. Absolute counts                                                           
33. What is
a.      Leukocytosis                                                     
b.      Leukopenia                                                       
c.       Neutropenia                                                     
d.      Agranulocytosis                                               
e.      Neutrophilia                                                     
f.        Eosinophilia                                                      
34. Granules characteristics & composition of
a.      Eosinophils
b.      Neutrophils
c.       Monocytes                                                        
35. Platelet count                                                                
36. INR                                                                                 
37. PTT
38. PT
39. BT
40. CT                                                                                   
41. Relevance of following to blood disorders
a.      SGOT
b.      SGPT                                                                  
42. Acute inflammation changes in DC                           
43. Chronic inflammation changes in DC                        
44. Cell count changes in HIV                                           
45. CD4:CD8 Ratio                                                             
46. Stabs                                                                              
47. Shift to right                                                                 
48. Shift to left                                                                    
49. Basopenia                                                                     
50. Eosinopenia                                                                  
51. Drugs which increase the number of basophils:
52. Drugs which decrease the number of basophils:
53. Drugs which increase the number of eosinophils:
54. Drugs which decrease the number of eosinophils:
55. Drugs which decrease the number of lymphocytes:
56. Drugs which decrease the number of monocytes:
57. Drugs which increase the number of neutrophils:
58. Drugs which decrease the number of neutrophils:  
59. Thromobocytosis                                                         
60. Thrombocytopenia                                                      
61. Platelet normal values                                                 
62. Megakaryocytes                                                           
63. Conditions in which platelet count is increased:
64. Condition in which platelet count is decreased:
65. Drugs which may increase the platelet count:
66. Drugs which may decrease the platelet count:         
67. What is the rationale, principle and normal range for the following tests:
a.      ANEMIA DIAGNOSIS
b.      Blood smear
c.       Complete blood cell count
d.      Ferritin
e.      Folic acid
f.        Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin
g.      Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
h.      Iron
68. RBC indices
69. RBC distribution width
70. Reticulocyte count
71. Schilling test
72. Total iron-binding capacity
73. Transferrin
74. Transferrin saturation
75. Vitamin B12
76. COAGULATION STUDIES
77. Anti-thrombin III
78. Bleeding time
79. Coagulation factor assay
80. D-dimer test
81. Euglobulin lysis time
82. Fibrin degradation products
83. Fibrinogen
84. Partial thromboplastin time
85. Plasminogen
86. Protein C
87. Protein S
88. Prothrombin time
89. Thrombin clotting time
90. PLATELET ACTIVITY TESTS
91. Bleeding time
92. Platelet aggregation test
93. Platelet count
94. Platelet, mean volume                                                  

Wednesday, 13 November 2013

Stage viva Questions: For MDS students

Total Count of RBC 
1.     Name of the technique
2.     Fluid used
3.     Parts of the pipette
4.     Gradation in the pipette
5.     Amount of fluid in pipette
6.     Bead color
7.     Function of bead
8.     Anticoagulant used and Percentage
9.     Which Vein used to collect blood – other areas
10.Name of the chamber used
11.Name of diluting fluid
12.Composition of fluid and function of each component
13.ml of blood used for RBC count
14.Normal range in
Adult Male
Adult Female
Lactating females
Pregnant females
New born
Infant
Child below 6years,
Children 6 -12 yrs of age.   
15.Causes for increase in total count
Physiological
Pathological
16.Causes for decrease in total count
Physiological
Pathological
17.Radiological manifestation of deficiency
18.Oral manifestation of deficiency with pathophysiology
19.MCV, PCV & Definitions of other term
20.Structure and dimension of RBC
21.Life period of RBC
22.Synthesis and differentiation
23.Enzymes & Hormone involved in production
24.Role of kidneys in RBC production
25.Other methods of counting TC
Manual
Automated
26.Principles of other methods
27.What errors could lead to false count during & how to rectify
Blood collection
Storage
Loading in pipette
Loading the chamber
Coverslip placement
Count
28.Unit of measurement
29.Define Anemia
30.Define, describe and attribute the following
Hyperchromic
Hypochromic
Anisocytes
Macrocytes
Microcytes
Ovalocytes/elliptocytes
Poikilocytes
Schistocytes
Sickle cells
Spherocytes
Target cells
Basophilic stippling
Heinz-Ehrlich bodies
Howell-Jolly bodies
Rouleaux formation
Stomatocytes
Tear drop RBC
Crenated RBC
Burr cells
Bite cells
Heinz bodies

31.Drugs that
Decrease RBC
Increase RBC

32.Polycythemia

Saturday, 9 November 2013

Applied Basic Sciences - Oral Pathology - Potential Questions- For MDS Students

Applied Basics Oral Pathology

  • Intracellular calcium transport
  • Calcium metabolism
  • Hormonal imbalance – pituitary, thyroid, adrenal
  • Enzyme imbalance
  • Cardiomyopathies
  • ANS/PNS – muscuranic and nicotinic receptors
  • Transport across oral mucous membrane
  • Diffusion in oral mucosa
  • Renal diseases in oral mucosa
  • Salivary ultrafiltrate
  • GCF
  • Alkaline phosphatise
  • Pain- pathway, orofacial pain, odontolgia
  • Halitosis
  • Stomatitis medicamentosa/veneta
  • Cell signalling pathway
  • Second messengers
  • Hybridoma
  • Immunity – acquired, innate
  • Oral biofilms
  • Adherence of plaque to tooth
  • Caries diagnostic methods
  • Areteriovenous malformations
  • FNAC
  • Tyndallisation
  • Supra vital staining
  • Prosoplasia
  • Calcifications
  • Intracranial calcifications
  • Pulp stones
  • Pulpal chevrons
  • Abnormal mineralization
  • Grenz zone
  • Gomphosis
  • Atherocentosis
  • MMP, TIMPs
  • BMP
  • Homeobox
  • Shh
  • Wnt
  • Growth factors
  • Calretinin
  • Diapedisis
  • Dentinoid matrix
  • Phoenix abscess
  • Blunderburs canals
  • Embryological cell rests
  • Lymphadenopathies
  • Osmotic pressure
  • Saltatory condition
  • Wallerian degeneration
  • Diclophase
  • Apoptosis
  • Reciprocal induction
  • Autoimmune disorders
  • Micrometastasis
  • Pulpal biopsy/gingival biopsy/labial biopsy
  • Angiogenesis
  • Contact inhibition
  • Telomeres
  • Keratinisation
  • Acanthosis
  • Xerostomia
  • Siallorhea
  • Degluitition
  • First phase metabolism
  • Second phase metabolism
  • Histodifferentiation
  • Morphodifferentiation
  • Presecretory ameloblasts
  • Reciprocal induction
  • Stratum basale
  • Reteridge morphology
  • Metastatic calcifications of oral cavity
  • Rennin angiotensin system
  • Blood group antigens
  • Von willebrand factor
  • Wiebel palade bodies
  • Nissl’s granules
  • Inclusion bodies
  • Cell surface receptors
  • Endocytosis
  • Microsomes
  • Types of RNA
  • Protein synthesis
  • Nucleoli
  • AgNOR
  • Blue sclera
  • Phagocytosis
  • Junctional epithelium
  • Interleukins
  • Osteoclasts
  • Bone remodelling
  • Ectomesenchyme
  • Salivary buffers
  • Osteoradionecrosis
  • Oral mucositis
  • Burning mouth syndrome
  • Condyle
  • supernumerary tooth
  • Collagen synthesis
  • Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia
  • External resorption
  • Perineural invasion
  • cavernous sinus thrombosis
  • Ductal system of salivary gland
  • Secretory stimulus
  • Lacrimal gland
  • Recessors
  • Sialoliths
  • Tonsillolith
  • Oral ecology at tonsillar crypt
  • Lateral border of tongue
  • Morphological alterations in tooth
  • Matrix forming Odontogenic tumors
  • Tumor calcifications
  • Virtual microscopy
  • Dextrins
  • Respiration in mucosal cells
  • Tumor hypoxia
  • AGE
  • Acetylation
  • Methylation
  • Loss of heterozygosity
  • Microsatellites
  • Satellite cysts
  • Incubation period
  • Latent phase
  • Circadian rhythm
  • Spongy bone
  • Reversal lines
  • Hypocalcified areas
  • Taste disorders
  • Capillary pressure
  • Oedema
  • Polarisation
  • Basement membrane
  • Perivasculitis
  • Chronic inflammation
  • Kreb’s cycle
  • Anaerobic glycolysis
  • Cellular degeneration
  • Phakomatosis
  • Autofluorescence 
  • Microemboli
  • Osteophytes
  • Osteodystrophies
  • Intercellular bridges
  • Cell junctions
  • Lincoln’s highway
  • Aneuploidy
  • Diploidy
  • Haploidy
  • Pseudocysts
  • Pyrexia
  • Microbial virulence
  • Culture medium
  • Collateral supply
  • Taste buds
  • Papillae
  • Drug resistance
  • cranial nerves
  • Arteries – maxillary, carotid
  • Veins – jugular
  • Muscles – facial expression, mastication, tongue, pharynx
  • Ganglion – otic, submandibular
  • Base of skull
  • Circle of willis
  • Salivary secretion
  • Salivary pathway
  • Eruption and shedding
  • Matrix vesicle theory
  • Verruco papillary lesions
  • Cell signals
  • Cytosols
  • Cytokines
  • Tumor growth factors
  • Red/blue/yellow/black/brown pigmentation
  • Oral ecology
  • Oral immunology – gingival, periodontium
  • Branchial arches
  • Pharyngeal pouches